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Does Social Capital Build Women’s Assets? Neha Kumar and Agnes R. Quisumbing IFPRI 2010/07
This paper investigates the long–term impact of agricultural technologies, disseminated using different implementation modalities, on men’s and women’s asset accumulation in rural Bangladesh. Data were collected in 1996–97 to examine the effects of the adoption of new vegetable varieties and polyculture fishpond management technologies on household resource allocation, incomes, and nutrition, and a followup survey was conducted ten years later.
Reproduced with permission from the International Food Policy Research Institute.
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Keywords: gender, and, food, security, Bangladesh, Asia, women, impact, agriculture, technology, rural, development
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Does Social Capital Build Women’s Assets? The Long-Term Impacts of Group–Based and Individual Dissemination of Agricultural Technology in Bangladesh Neha Kumar and Agnes R. Quisumbing IFPRI 2010/07
This paper investigates the long–term impact of agricultural technologies, disseminated using different implementation modalities, on men’s and women’s asset accumulation in rural Bangladesh.
Reproduced with permission from the International Food Policy Research Institute.
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Keywords: gender, and, food, security, Bangladesh, Asia, women, impact, agriculture, technology, rural, development
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Understanding Gender Differences in Agricultural Productivity in Uganda and Nigeria Amber Peterman, Agnes Quisumbing, Julia Behrman and Ephraim Nkonya IFPRI 2010/07
We investigate gender differences in agricultural productivity using data collected in 2005 from Nigeria and in 2003 from Uganda. Results indicate that lower productivity is persistent from female-owned plots and female-headed households, accounting for a range of socioeconomic variables, agricultural inputs, and crop choices using multivariate Tobit models. These results are robust to the inclusion of household-level unobservables. However, productivity differences depend on the type of gender indicator used, crop-specific samples, agroecological region, and inclusion of biophysical characteristics. More nuanced gender data collection and analysis in agricultural research spanning diverse regions are encouraged to identify interventions that will increase productivity and program effectiveness for male and female farmers.
Reproduced with permission from the International Food Policy Research Institute.
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Keywords: gender, and, food, security, agricultural, productivity, Nigeria, Uganda, Africa
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Women and Rural Employment: Fighting Poverty by Redefining Gender Roles Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Economic and Social Perspectives August 2009
In many countries, women are the main producers of food and crucial for the well-being of rural populations.
Their confinement to home-based work frequently prevents them from engaging in paid employment. Expanding women's employment opportunities promises a pathway out of poverty.
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Keywords: gender, women, agriculture, employment
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Promoting Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women in Addressing Food and Nutrition Challenges World Food Programme 2009
This document sets out a framework for mainstreaming gender more fully in WFP's policies and programmes: it identifies priorities and actions that build on WFP's strengths
such as its unique field presence and extensive partnerships, incorporates the findings of a recent evaluation of its gender policy and indicates ways in which WFP can work more
constructively to protect women.
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Keywords: gender, women, equality, poverty
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Promising Approaches to Address the Needs of Poor Female Farmers Agnes R. Quisumbing, Lauren Pandolfelli International Food Policy Research Institute 2009
Recognizing that "gender matters", many development interventions have aimed to close the gender gap in access to resources, both human and physical, and to address the specific needs of female farmers. This paper critically reviews attempts to increase poor female farmers' access to, and control of, productive resources in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. It surveys the literature from 1998 to 2008 that describes interventions and policy changes across several key agricultural resources, including land, soil, and water; labor-saving technologies; improved varieties; extension services; and credit. Compared with interventions designed to increase investment in human capital, only a minority of interventions or policy changes designed to increase female farmers' access to productive resources have been rigorously evaluated. Future interventions need to consider interactions among inputs rather than treat each input in isolation, adapt interventions to clients' needs, and pay attention to the design of alternative delivery mechanisms, the trade-offs between practical and strategic gender needs, and the culture and context specificity of gender roles.
Reproduced with permission from the International Food Policy Research Institute.
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http://www.ifpri.org Keywords: gender, agriculture, interventions, Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia
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The Effects of Political Reservations for Women on Local Governance and Rural Service Provision: Survey Evidence from Karnataka Katharina Raabe, Madhushree Sekher, Regina Birner International Food Policy Research Institute 2009
This paper aims to qualify and quantify the role of political reservation policies for women in India as a determinant of rural service provision and local governance and seeks to identify the social, economic, and institutional factors that constrain effective local governance and rural service provision beyond the women's reservation effect.
Reproduced with permission from the International Food Policy Research Institute.
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http://www.ifpri.org Keywords: gender, India, decentralization, local governance, rural service provision, affirmative action
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Women in the Struggle for Food Security in India Indu Agnihotri 2009
The women's movement in India has had a long history of engagement with issues of food security. Such is not a surprise, however, as India remains one of the countries with the largest populations affected by malnutrition. While some of the various dimensions of hunger and
poverty - food production, food availability, and food accessibility - are well-known, others are only now being appreciated: including the travails families undergo, the multiple burden women carry, and the conditions which determine their capacity to acquire food.
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Keywords: gender, women, food security, malnutrition
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Women's Right to Land: Voices from Grassroots Movement and Working Women's Alliance from Gujarat Dr. Meera Velayudhan Aga Khan Rural Support Programme
Dr. Bina Agarwal wrote a very significant book "A field of one's own" which examines the status of agricultural land ownership by women farmers in South Asia. Inspired by this book, we at AKRSP (India) decided to conduct some studies of our own to examine the status of land ownership in Surendranagar (multi
caste area) and Bharuch district. The studies confirmed what Dr. Bina Agarwal has written; land ownership by women was negligible. AKRSP organised a workshop to share these findings and invited Bina Agarwal to provide an overall understanding on this issue to field workers from 15 NGOs in June 2002. This
workshop evoked a good response from NGO leaders and over time the Working Group for Women and Land Ownership (WGWLO) was born. In the first four years, i. e till 2007 AKRSP (India) was also the secretariat.
This document traces the journey of WGWLO, the work being done by NGOs
and rural women federations in Gujarat at the village level; the struggles they have faced, the strategies adopted to highlight this issue and their efforts to influence
state policy.
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Keywords: gender, India, women, Gujarat, South Asia, land ownership
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Gender, Local Knowledge, and Lessons Learnt in Documenting and Conserving Agrobiodiversity Yianna Lambrou and Regina Laub June 2006
This paper explores the linkages between gender, local knowledge systems and agrobiodiversity for food security by using the case study of LinKS, a regional FAO project in Mozambique, Swaziland, Zimbabwe and Tanzania over a period of eight years and now concluded. The project aimed to raise awareness on how rural men and women use and manage agrobiodiversity, and to promote the importance of local knowledge for food security and sustainable agrobiodiversity at local, institutional and policy levels by working with a diverse range of stakeholders to strengthen their ability to recognize and value farmers' knowledge and to use gender-sensitive and participatory approaches in their work.
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Keywords: gender, biodiversity, agrobiodiversity, indigenous knowledge, conservation, sustainable management, genetic resources, participation, livelihoods
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Women and Food Security in South Asia: Current Issues and Emerging Concerns Nira Ramachandran November 2006
The food security scenario in South Asia has witnessed rapid progress over the last few decades, yet nutrition outcomes, especially those related to women and children, have failed to keep pace. This paper contends that the role of women in providing food and nutrition security at the household and individual level needs to be examined, if the
paradox of persisting malnutrition amid macro level food sufficiency is to be resolved. Food security, in its broader connotation, results from the availability of adequate food, effective consumption, and desirable nutrition outcomes. As such, it is intricately linked
with a woman's multiple roles expressed in her productive, reproductive, and caring functions. However, even focussed efforts aimed at resolving the problems faced by women in performing one or other of their roles, may fail to produce expected results, if the issues underlying each function and their inter-linkages are not fully understood.
The paper thus attempts to review various aspects of the relationship between women and food security in South Asia, highlight the issues that require urgent focus and
indicate emerging concerns in the region.
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Keywords: gender, food security, women farmers, female workforce, feminization of poverty, wage differentials, malnutrition, empowerment
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Women's Status and Children's Food Security in Pakistan Basudeb Guha-Khasnobis, Gautam Hazarika June 2006
This study examines the role of women's intra-household status relative to men in children's food security in Pakistan. Data from the 1991 Pakistan Integrated Household
Survey (PIHS) yield a measure of evidence of a positive relation between women's intra-household status and children’s food security.
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Keywords: gender, Pakistan, women, children, food security, anthropometric
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Women's Right to Land: Voices from Grassroots Movement and Working Women's Alliance from Gujarat Dr. Meera Velayudhan Aga Khan Rural Support Programme India March 2008
This document traces the journey of WGWLO, the work being done by NGOs and rural women federations in Gujarat at the village level; the struggles they have faced, the strategies adopted to highlight this issue and their efforts to influence state policy. This document therefore traces two journeys, both of which are separate but
interlinked. The journey of an idea to its operationalisation at the field level by the many NGOs and CBOs, and the journey of a network of NGOS which seeks to both are a supporter of the activities on the ground and an agency to improve policies at the government level.
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http://www.akdn.org/akf Keywords: gender, food, working, women, agriculture, India, grassroots, movement
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Agriculture, Trade Negotiations and Gender Zoraida Garcia Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2006
This paper discusses some relevant gender-related issues regarding the implications that the agricultural trade expansion and liberalization have on aspects linked to gender inequalities that exist in the agricultural and rural sector.
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Keywords: gender, agriculture, trade negotiations, globalization, women's rights
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Bridging the Gap: FAO's Programme For Gender Equality in Agriculture and Rural Development Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2009
Social and economic inequalities between men and women undermine food security and hold back
economic growth and advances in agriculture. That is why FAO's new strategic framework identifies
gender equity in access to resources, goods, services and decision-making in rural areas as one of the
Organization's key objectives for the next 10 years. Gender equity will be essential to implementing the
decisions of the World Summit on Food Security, held in Rome in November 2009.
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Keywords: gender, FAO, UN, agriculture, women's rights
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About Global Food Security
There are more than 1.02 billion hungry people in the world
Source:FAO 2010
Providing global food security is one of the principle challenges for humanity in current times. The scale of the challenge is immense. According to an FAO estimate over 1 billion people suffer from hunger. One sixth of all humanity currently goes hungry every day. This is a challenge that has reached unprecedented levels in recent years. There are more people hungry today than at any time since 1970.
Malnutrition has also been growing since the mid-1990s, and in 2008 was affecting approximately 915 million people. These trends are expected to worsen given high food prices, and structural issues relating to the recent downturn in the global economy.
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The work of The Network of European Foundations' Mercator Fund is underpinned by the principle that the global philanthropic community has a vital role to play in promoting and implementing the work necessary to bring about social and political change. The Mercator Fund aims to generate innovative ideas to respond to key global challenges through the development of projects that address core global social issues.
The Sir Ratan Tata Trust is one of the oldest philanthropic institutions in India, and has played a pioneering role in changing the traditional ideas of charity and introducing the concept of philanthropy. Through its grant making, the Trust supports efforts in the development of society, through institutional grants in areas of Education, Health, Arts & Culture, Enhancing Civil Society & Governance and Rural Livelihoods & Communities. Besides institutional grants, the Trust also makes individual grants for education and medical relief.
Nearly 70% of the tribal communities of India reside in central India, concentrated in about 110 districts within the nine central Indian states. The region is endowed with rich natural resources; however, issues such as abject poverty, primitive farming methods, improper use of water resources, naxalism, etc. ensure that this tribal belt lags behind other parts of India. Central India Initiative, one of the flagship initiatives of the Sir Ratan Tata Trust, was initiated in 2004, with the basic objective of enhancing tribal livelihoods through a Natural Resource Management (NRM) based approach. Collectives for Integrated Livelihood Initiatives (CInI), a registered organization seeded by the Trust, is the nodal agency for the Central India Initiative.
ICOS ICOS is an independent international organisation providing local solutions to tackle new global challenges. Through an innovative combination of research, analysis and project implementation, ICOS examines the root causes of current challenges to achieve measurable and direct results.
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